The product of the two carotenoid biosynthesis transgenes used in Golden Rice, phytoene synthase (PSY) and the bacterial carotene desaturase (CRTI), is lycopene, which has a red color. The 35S promoter was used in the construct resulting in production of the CrtI protein in all cells. The biosynthetic pathway for β-carotene was reconstituted in rice endosperm using a daffodil (Narcissus pseudonarcissus) phytoene synthase (psy) and carotene desaturase (ctri) from Erwinia uredovora. ABSTRACT: Golden Rice 1 was developed to help control vitamin A deficiency (VAD).To construct Golden Rice 2, the phytoene synthetase gene (psy) from maize and the carotene desaturase gene (crtl) from Erwinia uredovora were Golden Rice, the resulting prototype line, bears the potential—after further improvements and testing—to contribute to the alleviation of vitamin A deficiency, provided that access to the β-carotene-rich seeds by poor farmers in developing countries is possible at the same cost as current popular cultivars. To increase the β-carotene (provitamin A) content and thus the nutritional value of Golden Rice, the optimization of the enzymes employed, phytoene synthase (PSY) and the Erwinia uredovora carotene desaturase (CrtI), must be considered. GOLDEN RICE -THE SCIENCE BEHIND IT GOLDEN RICE IS A PART OF SOLUTION. Abstract. Golden Rice is intended to produce provitamin A in the grains, unlike white rice, but otherwise its composition is intended to be equivalent to conventional rice. ... By addition of only two genes, phytoene synthase (psy) and phytoene desaturase (crt I), the pathway is reconstituted and β-carotene is consequently accumulated in the endosperm, ie the edible part of the grain. To construct Golden Rice 2, the phytoene synthetase gene (psy) from maize and the carotene desaturase gene (crtl) from Erwinia uredovora were inserted into rice.were inserted into rice. The composition of key nutrients and anti-nutrients was determined in samples of GR2E rice grain (paddy), straw, and derived bran and compared to corresponding values from samples of conventional white rice. Rice sample In our previous study, transgenic golden rice was developed by manipulation of phytoene synthase (psy) and phytoene desaturase (crtI) gene in the genome of two popular Asian rice cultivars, IR64 and BR29 (Datta et al., 2006). In the case of Golden Rice, it is phytoene synthase (PSY) extracted from Narcissus, more commonly known as Daffodil and carotene desaturase (CRTI) from bacterium Erwinia uredovora. 4.2 The science behind Golden Rice Modifying crops to produce the Bt toxin (Section 3.1) was, in some ways, relatively simple. The process of genetic modification, according to J Beardmore and J Porter (2003) starts with the selection of target genes. The science behind Golden Rice Public-Private Partnership and Humanitarian Use Free access for those who need it Patents are tools to protect commercial interests and investments, but as the Golden Rice example shows, they are not an impediment to the use and dissemination of a technology.

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